Chen Guang's profile不知所谓PhotosBlogListsMore Tools Help

不知所谓

Windows Media Player

LET IT BE
小娜  
Photo 1 of 60
May 23

又想马儿跑,又不给马吃草

全力做好保增长,保民生,保稳定工作是当前全国上下工作的重点。温爷爷在2008年11月5日主持召开的国务院常务会议中,研究部署进一步扩大内需促进经济平稳较快增长的措施。(http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2008-11/09/content_1143689.htm)这就是所谓的世界闻名的“四万亿投资计划”。

中小企业作为中国经济活动中最有活力的单元,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分。“据传”(没有考证)我国“十五”期间国民经济年均增长9.5%,而规模以上的工业中小企业的增加值年均增长28%,中小企业创造的产值和服务价值已经占了国民生产总值的60%左右,中小企业上缴的税收占了我国税收总额的50%左右。65%的发明专利、80%以上的新产品开发都是中小企业完成的,中小企业提供的城镇就业岗位占全部就业岗位的75%以上。2002年6月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议通过,2002年6月29日中华人民共和国主席令第69号公布,自2003年1月1日起施行,中华人民共和国中小企业促进法从法律的高度确定中小企业在我国经济和社会发展中的重要作用(全文可见:http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zxqy/zcfg/t20050715_36688.htm)。民营经济由于在我国发展时间短,受到的历史和制约因素也比较多,大部分为中小型企业(有待考证)。在全球金融危机和国内保增长,保民生,保稳定的背景下,民营中小企业的发展怎么样呢?可以说他们的发展直接关系着增长,民生,稳定这些“工作重点”的题中之义。从事实上来看,我们寄希望中小企业可以提供就业,又希望中小企业在只能在规定的行业里发张,既希望提供税收,又不愿意提供政策和资金支持。借用一句话就是:又想马儿跑,又不给马吃草。

央视二套的《经济半小时》最近在做《破解中小企业融资难》的专题节目。其实,中小企业融资难这个问题从来就有,而且也不知中国有。我们也在积极的去改善这个状况,其中的一个办法就是组建中小额贷款公司。《经济半小时》其中一期的节目也是以温州小额贷款公司生存现状调查为题的。从这里我们又可以看到政策的相互矛盾。寄希望于小额贷款公司可能解决一部分中小企业的融资难的问题,有对小额贷款公司(本身也为中小企业)做出各种各样的限制。第一部小额贷款公司管理暂行办法就是浙江省2008年7月首先出台的。小额贷款公司不能吸收公众存款,资本金有2亿的限制,增资扩股有严格要求,由于没有可以明确计量的成本(没有吸储),税收标的是利息收入的全部,没有抵扣。(政策性银行也不对公众吸储,但有财政部直接划拨,可以发行金融债融资)这样小额贷款公司的发展就像无源之水,放完了就等着已经放出去的赶紧收回来,要不然就没有足够的资本金开展新业务,税务压力又要比其他的金融企业大。

也许大家可能还记得去年2008年一季度电煤供应紧张的情景。由于“南方部分地区遭遇低温雨雪冰冻灾害,交通运输严重受阻,电力设施损毁严重,电煤供应告急”(抄袭自发改委网站:http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/jjxsfx/t20080429_207932.htm,一季度煤炭电力运行情况及下一阶段重点工作)其中的最后一句话很有意思:“在对死灰复燃非法煤矿依法坚决打击的同时,对合法煤矿的正常生产依法予以保护,并引导煤矿按市场需求组织生产。继续协调山西、内蒙古、河南、陕西等主要产煤省增加煤炭生产,多组织资源。”网易综合报道,2008年5月25日,国家发改委会同多部门部署煤电油运工作。据悉,山西、四川、内蒙古等地煤炭工业局都先后接到国家发改委通知,要求当地大中型煤矿加大产量,加快小型煤矿安全验收工作,一旦验收合格,立即发放开工证,让小型煤矿尽快复产。鉴于网络媒体一贯的没谱报道,这条咱们暂且放下,继续抄袭2008年8月21号发改委《多策并举,努力增加电煤供应》“督促各地对停产整顿煤矿,在整顿期满后及时组织检查验收,对经验收符合条件的,准予恢复生产。”(http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/jjyx/gjyx/zhfx/t20080821_231811.htm)那同样的对这些让人深恶痛绝的“小煤窑”,一直以来的政策取向大家应该都是很了解的,具体可以参照国家煤炭安全监察局,整顿关闭专栏,重要文件部分。

http://www.chinacoal-safety.gov.cn/mkaj/zdgb/zywj/mkaj_zdgb_zywj.htm)小型矿山可以说是像中国人民解放军一样,“招之即来,挥之即去”。“小煤窑”确实要整顿,要关闭,可不能在需要的时候就开,不需要的时候就关。其实,就是这种政策的不确定性,更加重了私营企业主的投机心理,没有一个稳定的预期,谁会对安全生产投资,谁会做梦百年基业,能赚一天钱就赚一天,明天可能就勒令关闭了。

2008年11月5日山东钢铁集团有限公司与民营企业日照钢铁控股集团有限公司分别签订了重组意向书和尽职调查方案。重组双方表示,将按照山东省政府确定的“政府督导,企业主体,依法操作”的原则,加快推进有关工作,保证重组及尽职调查工作的顺利开展。这三个原则每一个都点到了点子上,如果不是省政府总结出来,其他人可能很难真么准确的总结出来。日照钢铁的“国有化”重组,就是又一次的“国进民退”运动的开始,典型的见好处就上。人家不愿意给就想着办法“逼”你就范,具体故事情节可见新浪报道《杜双华低调致富史》http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20081227/02265691752.shtml和《黯然杜双华》http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20081226/16455690616.shtml,相关阅读提供《日照官员:日钢裁员是杜双华导演的“闹剧”》http://news.hexun.com/2008-11-29/111778950.html

限产保价是现在煤炭和钢铁行业的普遍做法,下游需求量的减少,让这些在膨胀时期扩产的行业内企业现在吃到了苦头。关心股市的朋友可能对这几天连续上涨的煤炭股票有印象,大家都预期煤价可能会涨。价格上涨,在经济学上来看就是供不应求的一种体现,那现在是不是就是这样子的呢?显然不是,一方面大型的国有企业在限产,中小的煤炭企业大部分都在“整顿”中,而这些停产整顿的矿井中,又大部分是民营企业。他们现在做的就是停产,减少市场供应量,保证价格,国有企业生产,享受高煤价带来的收益。也难怪,现在不是08年一季度,不需要保障电煤供应。新华网《工信部紧急发布钢铁“限产令”》http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2009-05/13/content_11369966.htm,工信部原文:http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n11294057/n11302390/12356120.html。如果不出意料,那么这次遏制钢铁行业产量过快增长的紧急通知,可能作用的重点对象又会是中小民营企业。

马儿想跑,马儿吃不着草。

September 08

美国政府接管“两房”

2008年9月7号, 美国财政部决定接管“两房”,这里翻译为房地美,房利美。前高盛总裁说到这个计划的时候,补充到为什么美国政府会接管:“这个两房的问题太大了,我们不能 就这么让他们倒闭,这样会影响到我们美国人民的钱袋子的,从房子,车子,商业贷款到经济发展还有劳动就业等等,现在我们是不出手不行了。”事实上,两房的 资产持有或者担保了将近美国一半以上的房屋贷款,这个要以万亿美元来计算,大概在6万亿美元左右。两房为什么这么重要,不能倒闭呢?他们和次贷危机有什么 关系呢?这个新闻跟我们中国有什么关系呢?这个接管的计划具体是什么样呢?让我们慢慢展开。

Fannie Mae在1938年罗斯福“新政”时期建立,Freddie Mac建立于1970年,他们的主要业务简单说就是从市场购买房屋贷款,或者给房屋贷款提供担保,然后把这个购买的贷款打包一下卖给机构投资者和个人投资 者,很大一部分卖给各国的央行,因为有美国政府的背景,所以一直以来被认为是没有风险的,作为外汇储备的。这两个机构的建立目的就是提高房屋贷款市场的流 动性和提高美国老百姓的房屋私有率,在特殊的时期还可以作为政府调控经济衰退的手段。但我们美国可是市场经济的代表,我们不能给计划经济体制国家在国际谈 判中留下口舌,于是他们决定要不我们搞个股份制吧。他们都有自己的股票持有人,而且在交易市场交易,他们的经营行为又要向股东负责。所以从一开始,两房就 承担着两个角色,即要伺候政府还要伺候私有者,事实上两者是不能兼得的,咱们慢慢来说。

首先,两房为什么这么重要,不能倒闭呢,还会影响到美国老百姓的钱袋子呢?一个是他们持有或者担保着美国一半以上的房屋贷款资产,他们就是市场的流动性, 特别是在次贷危机发生后,将近有80%的新增房屋贷款都是从他们两个这里出来的,因为大家都知道这个时期房屋贷款的风险,只有他们有能力也敢在这个时候继 续放贷。如果市场没有两房机构的话,房屋贷款商的经营行为可能会非常的谨慎,他们会认真的调查个人的收入来源,信用程度,还款能力,这样很多的老美是买不 起房子的,他们有的懒惰,有的没有工作,有的酗酒,吸毒,那怎么办呢?我们的美国梦可就是要让所有的老百姓都有房子,有私产,每天喝喝啤酒,bbq。于是 乎,government sponsored enterprise应运而生。有政府的做后台,两房可以很便宜的从市场和政府借钱,然后买入市场的房贷资产,然后打包后再卖出去。这样,房屋贷款公司就 可以不计后果,肆无忌惮的房贷,然后把他们卖给两房,不用去考虑贷款的质量问题。于是,美国老百姓就都有房子住了。可是,我们知道钱是不会无缘无故出现 的,像美国这样一个不储蓄的国家,两房的钱从哪里来呢?政府拼命的印钞票?美国的通后膨胀可没有中国高。他们向全世界借钱,美国有全世界最能说会道的投资 银行家,他们油嘴滑舌的向世界兜售这些购买者自己也不知道的东西,而且他们还在旁边拉着评级机构一起忽悠。这样广大的其他国家的老百姓挣的钱可能就被美国 的老百姓借去买房子了。如果两房倒闭了,市场就会出现流动性的消失,大家有钱可就是不愿意拿出来,因为不知道风险到底有多大。美国人的信贷消费习惯也就不 能为继了,没有人借钱给他们了。大家知道美国的消费推动着世界经济的发展,如果他们不消费了,别说自己国家的工人会失业(最新的失业率已经达到了 6.1%),中国的工人也会失业。

那么,这个和次贷危机有什么关系呢?两房的房屋贷款资产,或者自己持有,或者卖出去,大部分会卖出去,这样他们可以接着再在市场上买房贷。如果大家都知道 这个贷款是一个不工作,又抽烟喝酒,打麻将的家伙的,谁还会去买这个资产呢?投资银行家跑过来说,你把他们放到一个不透明的袋子里卖不就行了。于是就有了 很多资产支持债券,而且他们把这些债券分级,把那些质量好的放一块,把质量差的放一块,用质量差的再给质量好的做抵押,质量差的有房子做抵押,为了让这些 东西看起来更保险,保险公司跑过来说,我们可以为这些债务做保险,他们破产了,我们赔。于是一切就顺理成章了。次贷危机的前几个年头,大家都拼命的做这个 东西,然后卖。谁都赚了很多钱,大家都很开心。但这个系统的运行要有一个假设的前提就是房价只升不降,在2007年,美国的房价开始调整的时候,整个系统 就出现问题了。首先是那些,本来没有能力买房子的人,他们发现自己不能在靠房子的升值来支付按揭贷款月供了,他们有的开始不再向银行交钱,后来有的质量稍 微好一点的贷款者发现,他们的房屋贬值,让房屋贷款的余额已经超过了房屋的价格,于是他们也开始不再交钱。这样整个系统的基础崩溃了。债券的收益率飙升。 资产支持债券的投资者,包括银行,保险公司,基金,政府,资产负债表会因为这些资产的贬值,开始“减记”,write down,相信大家对这个词都不陌生。

这些跟中国有什么关系呢?中国是世界上外汇储备最大的国家,央行是这些债券的大买家,据美国他们估计,仅两房的债券就有$340B。如果这两个房倒闭了, 我们中国老百姓辛辛苦苦做衬衫和玩具挣的美元岂不是就灰飞烟灭了。估计周小川每次见到鲍尔森就唠叨,“你们的那些债务准备怎么办呀?你丫要是不管,我可交 不了差呀!”勿宁说,中国的国有商业银行了,他们一直在强调自己的债券是aaa+级别的,没有风险,减记的时候也很小心谨慎。

最后,这个接管计划是什么样子的?首先,管理层换掉,但会继续留任一段时间做为交接。其实这跟人家管理层有什么关系呀。跟中国男足一样,踢的不好,先换主 教练。然后,政府提供最多每个$100B保证他们正常运营。有人可能会说,那这不是那纳税人的钱给少数的所有者牟利了吗?就像我们前文提到的那样,一个机 构伺候两套人马。其实,这个资金注入是有很大代价的。政府会要求两房在长期上减少资产规模,逐渐淡化自己在市场的地位。这个行动从2010年开始,这之前 两房还可以modestly增长资产,为了不至于把房贷市场彻底搞垮。政府会在开始的时候买入两房的资产,这个月就会买入$5B的资产,这在美国历史上没 有过的。美国政府还会新购买两房$1B的优先高级股,高级于现在市场上的所有股票,每年的股息$100M. 纳税人的钱要优先于股东的钱。股票和优先股的股息可能暂缓或者不再发放。同时,政府成立一个Secured Lending Credit Facility,专门负责给他们筹钱,如果他们在市场上找不钱的话。最后,两房明天会是像往常一样营业,以后两房的地位和发展留给下届政府来办。

June 21

Talking about YouTube - Where the Hell is Matt? (2008)

 

Quote

YouTube - Where the Hell is Matt? (2008)
  

April 10

西藏 奥运 中国,转载The Australian,letters to the editor

 
Ross Pulbrook
Wyong NSW
Former marathon runner Rorberts de Castella, who worries for the future of Olympic torch relays because of the protests against the Beijing torch relay, told Monday's edition of the 7.30 Report that people should not focus their anger against China over Tibet on the Olympics."If people are so committed to driving this agenda..., let them focus on some of the economic boycotts if they're really serious," he said.
 
I think such an argument is naive at best and foolish at worst. Australians boycotting Chinese goods in Woolworths and Big W will not make a scrap of difference to the Chinese regime's policy on Tibet. Alternatively. a global boycott of the Beijing Olympics. or at least the opening ceremony, may make the Chinese pause to think.
 
I look froward to participating in a peaceful demonstration as the Olympic torch is Carried through the ACT.
 
Edward Black
UK-based online reader
The boycott of South African goods in England in  part sensitised people to the evils of apartheid. Rather than attack the spirit of the Olympics, it would be better to affect China financially and boycott Chinese goods. This would appear diffcult in some things but not all. We do not have to buy Woolworths' frozen spinach"produce of China".
 
Chirs Simith
Braddon ,ACT
Never underestimate the hypocrisy of the Left. China has murdered and starved tens of millions of its own citizens,is still executing at least 10,000 of thme each year, it supports some of the worst regimes in the world for base economic reasons and constantly threatens Taiwan with invasion, all without comment by the Left. But when some airhead such as Richard Gere or Joanna Lumley says it is wrong to shoot Tibetans as opposed to, say, ordinary human beings, we have to cop public demonstrations of their selective morality.
 
Mark Davidson
Cooparoo, QLD
Rather than Australian engaging in public protests against the Olympic torch relay, we should just ignore it. We shuold all just boycott it. In addition, media outlets should show the empty streets down which the relay progresses. What a magnificent portest this would be. In additon. during the games, all Australian athletes and officials should wear arm bands, either black in colour or carrying  Tibetan symbol. These should be worn especially during the opening and closing ceremonies and medal presetations.
 
Mike Driscoll
Adelaide SA
Olympic athletes are willing to live in a parallel universe. The games can be awarded to countries that oppress an brutalise their citizens but ht Olympic ahtlet is will to put his or ther conscience aside and compete in the offending country in order to fulfil his or her own desire for recognition.
 
Russell Langfield
Kimberley,Tas
China doesn't want the Olympics politicised, yet that is exactly what it's achieving itself. It's not just persecuting Tibetans but ethnic Chinese as well. The Olympics are just too commercial now. There was a time, not long ago. when only amateurs were allowed to compete. Now it's a circus combining professional athletes and businessmen. Trillions of dollars have been wasted in successive Olympics for the benefit of a very few.
 
Mike Lankuts
Gilmore Act
Those supporters of the Olympic torch relay and Beijing Games are traitors to humanity with blood on their hands. These games should be either cancelled o shifted to another country that respect basic human rights. This Olympics only stands for brutality and oppression.
 
Gordon Drennan
Burton SA
The Ancient Greeks didn't come up with the "tradition" of the Olympic flame being lit by the sun at Olympia under the supervision of a High Priestess, then carried by a progression of runners. It was invented by the Nazis for the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
 
Paul Drakeford
Kew Vic
The Olympic torch parade has become an international competition to see which city can put on the most spectacular protest. Let's hope Canberra does us proud.
 
I think these are only small part of Australian people's opinion. But even form these, we can find how serious the prejudice is,especially the common people of Australian.I still remebered the argument raised between Sami's father and I, which was about the independence of Tibet. I can't image he feels quite comfortable with the issues of Taiwan but think Tibetans actually are living under authority's "brutality and oppression".
 
Dalai Lama is smart to grab the opportunities to make his voice loudly this time, given the timing of the Tibetan protests. Even as a blatant opportunist, he can't forecast the unexpected evolution. Dalai has dissociated himself from protests and calls for a boycott of the Olympics, just as he has been careful not to overstate his ambitions for Tibet and stopped short of calling for independence. So what? The competition still is going,"which city can put on the most spectacular protest".
 
I hope our motherland comes over these problems and react positvely to responses. The prejudice comes from the lack of transparency. Rumors stop before facts.
 
All best wishes to my country!
 
kevin Rudd.jpgUNFOUNED!
April 06

尊重自己的姓氏

尊重自己的姓氏

一直发现,很多企业的名字都是以企业创始人的名字命名。国内的比较少,国际上的很多,也许是国内有影响力的,有名的企业都是国有的吧,所以没有个人色彩。私有制的地方,企业创建了就是我的,就是以我的名字命名。 这样可能给企业的管理者一种更强的暗示,要把它做成百年老店,因为这是以我的名字命名的。管理者会更注重声誉,信用,和企业的稳定长期的发展。而且这类型的企业在公司的最初几十年的发展,家族成员都会扮演重要的角色,甚至一直到企业first public offering。

Investment bank:

 Lehman Brother(under Lehman family1850-1969) In 1844, 23-year-old Henry Lehman, the son of a cattle merchant, emigrated to the United States from the town of Rimpar, in the German state of Bavaria. He settled in Montgomery, Alabama, where he opened a dry goods store, "H. Lehman". In 1847, following the arrival of Emanuel Lehman, the Firm became "H. Lehman and Bro." With the arrival of their youngest brother, Mayer Lehman, in 1850, the Firm changed its name again and "Lehman Brothers" was founded.

187px-Lehman_Brothers_svg

Goldman Sachs, Goldman Sachs was founded in 1869 by German Jewish immigrant Marcus Goldman. The company made a name for itself pioneering the use of commercial paper for entrepreneurs and was invited to join the New York Stock Exchange in 1896. It was during this time that Goldman's son-in-law Samuel Sachs joined the firm which prompted the name change to Goldman Sachs.

165px-Goldman_Sachs_svg

Merrill Lynch was founded on January 6, 1914, when Charles E. Merrill & Co. opened for business at 7 Wall Street in New York City. A few months later, Merrill's friend, Edmund C. Lynch, joined him, and in 1915 the name was officially changed to Merrill, Lynch & Co. At that time, the firm's name included a comma between Merrill and Lynch. In 1916, Winthrop H. Smith joined the firm.

ml_brand

Bear Stearns was founded in 1923 by Joseph Bear, Robert Stearns, and Harold Mayer as an equity trading house. It serves corporations, institutions, governments and individuals. The company's business includes corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, institutional equities and fixed income sales, trading and research, private client services, derivatives, foreign exchange and futures sales and trading, asset management and custody services. Through Bear Stearns Securities Corp., it offers global clearing services to broker dealers, prime broker clients and other professional traders, including securities lending. Bear Stearns is also known for one of the most widely read market intelligence pieces on the street, known as the "Early Look at the Market - Bear Stearns Morning View."

Bear_Stearns_Logo

Morgan Stanley can trace its roots in the history of J.P. Morgan & Co. Following the Glass-Steagall Act it became no longer possible for a corporation to have investment banking and retail banking businesses under a single holding entity. J.P. Morgan & Co. chose the retail banking business over the investment banking business. As a result some of the employees of J.P. Morgan & Co., most notably Henry S. Morgan and Harold Stanley left J.P. Morgan & Co. and joined some other from the Drexel partners to form Morgan Stanley. The firm, formally opened the doors for business on September 16, 1935 at Floor 19, 2 Wall Street, New York City, United States. Within its first year it achieved 24% of market share (US$1.1 billion) among public offerings. The firm was involved with the distribution of 1938 US$100 million of debentures for the United States Steel Corporation as the lead underwriter. The firm also obtained the distinction of being the lead syndicate in the 1939 U.S. rail financing. The firm went through a major reorganization in 1941 to allow for more activity in its securities business.

MS_Logo

IT

HP, William (Bill) Hewlett and David (Dave) Packard both graduated from Stanford University in 1934. The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with a past professor at Stanford during the Great Depression. The partnership was formalized on January 1, 1939 with an investment of US$538.[5] Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. Packard won the coin toss but named their electronics manufacturing enterprise the "Hewlett-Packard Company". HP incorporated on August 8, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957.

612px-Hewlett-Packard_svg

Dell, While at the University of Texas at Austin, he started a computer company called PC's Limited in his room in Dobie Center [4]. The company became successful enough that, with the help of an additional loan from his grandparents, Dell dropped out of college at the age of 19 to run PC's Limited, which later became Dell Computer Corporation, then ultimately Dell Inc.

400px-Dell_logo_svg

Footwear:

Adidas, Adolf ("Adi") Dassler started to produce his own sports shoes in his mother's wash kitchen after his return from World War I. In 1924, his brother Rudolf Dassler joined the business which became Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory) and did well - selling 200,000 pairs of shoes each year before World War Two. However the brothers did not get on well, and in 1948 they split up , with Rudi forming Puma, and Adi forming Adidas.

adidas

Manufacturers,

P&G,William Procter, a candlemaker, and James Gamble, a soapmaker, formed the company known as Procter & Gamble in 1837. The two men, immigrants from England and Ireland respectively.

800px-Procter_and_Gamble_Logo_svg

Retailers from Australia: Coles Myer David Jones Dick Smith Harvy Norman Crazy John

Almost all law firms named after their founders or partners

还有那些呢?可以想想。。

April 03

M&A Consultant and Bear Streans

M&A 是我这学期的一门课程,讲到Regulation of M&A,我想问一下lecturer,如果一家美国的公司想收购一家澳大利亚的公司,或者澳大利亚的公司想收购美国的公司,或者反正就是国际化的并购,Regulation 是属于那个国家管呢,怎么操作呢?我期望他可能会给我说怎么怎么样,做这个,做那个。结果,他很严肃的和我说,这个东西是在M&A过程中最后要考虑的,你直接去找一个 consultant firm and law firm, they can do everything for you.哦--!答案是这样的呀。

其实,本来就是这样,在实务中,我们不需要知道每件事情,我们也不可能知道每件事情,有那么多professional firms,雇佣他们来做就好了,现在我们上的课不是理论课,要告诉你什么是对的,什么是错的,现在我们上的课是要训练以后怎么工作的。在工作中,我们确实只需要找公司来做就可以了。 我们不能再有学生的心态,去找正确答案了。

金融企业的破产

 

Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organizations to pay their creditors. Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against a debtor ("involuntary bankruptcy") in an effort to recoup a portion of what they are owed. In the majority of cases, however, bankruptcy is initiated by the debtor (a "voluntary bankruptcy" that is filed by the bankrupt individual or organization).

from-WiKipedia

 

破产清算,脑子里有的一个词就是资不抵债,一个实体不能偿还债务,被债权人提出申请破产清算,大多时候都是有债务人自己提出。

美国次级债危机以来,已经有几家大型的金融企业的濒临破产。最近非常著名的就是JPmorgan 在美联储的帮助下,以近乎免费的方式并购华尔街第六大投行,Bear Stearns。开始的出价是两美元一股,而且以JPmorgan 的股票进行支付;在大股东的反对下,JPmorgan将收购价调高到了10美元,目前此事还在进一步的发展中。

 为什么一家能够顺利的通过两次世界大战,和之前几次经济的危机的大型投资银行,在这次的次级债危机中倒下呢?是什么造成它的破产呢?流动性。

这个在去年整个一年困扰了中国和世界一整年的东西,当时它的出现形式还是过剩的,Bear Stearns的破产恰恰是因为它的枯竭,credit suddenly disappears, or is squeezed。对于一个金融企业来说,流动性就是一切。如果在这个时候有人愿意提供充足的流动性,Bear Stearns,也不会到破产的地步。

试想一下,普通的商业银行,有1000亿的存款和800亿贷款余额,而该银行所在国家的存款准备金率是15%(像中国一样,呵呵),那么基本上,银行可以自己支配的现金流动性也就50亿。如果在这个时候出现银行的挤兑风潮,不要1000亿全部提现,20%的客户有兑现的愿望的话,那么这家银行如果找不到充足的现金去安抚储户,就会面临破产的风险。不论,你还有多少的贷款余额在未来会创造利润,不论你的资产多么优良,现在的结果就是破产清算。

作为投资银行,情况和商业银行不同的地方就是兑现的不是储户,而是投资者。Bear Stearns是涉足次级债投资比较深的投行之一,早在去年的7月,旗下的两家以投资次级债为主的基金已经清盘结算,给投资者造成了很大的损失。其实在彼时,Bear Steans 已经陷入严重的流动新危机中,不然骄傲的华尔街贵族也不会和来自中国的超级券商中信证券签署旨在换股和“借钱”的战略合作协议。当时中信证券入股Bear Steans的价格在100美元以上,美国方面的审批已经通过,幸好办事效率不高的中国政府机构,这次救了中信证券,免于钻到人家挖好的这个坑儿里。想一下,100美元投资,一年不到缩水98%,估计中信证券的老总,现在后脊梁凉风还是嗖嗖的吹呢。不然,现在真会像英国的亿万富翁,Bear Stearns 的最大单一自然人股东Joseph Lewis一样,红烧屁股的到处找潜在买家一样。截止2008年3月18日,Joseph Lewis 持有8.35%的该公司股票,平均成本就在100美元左右,大部分于去年下半年建仓,即使在今年的1月和三月份,Joseph仍然在继续买进该公司的股票。据说,该富翁的个人身家在24亿美元左右,这次仅Bear Stearns,一项投资就缩水98%,意味着身价缩水一半,当然不能轻易统一这样的收购。冤呢,上哪找谁说理去呢!

中国的投资资本,想趁着次级债危机扬帆出海,抄底国际市场,还是悠着点,水下不知道是什么?JPmorgan,现在也不是就捡到便宜货,高兴的睡不着了,谁也不知道Bear Stearns,的资产组合出了多大的问题, 是不是免费收购了,最终还是会拖累自身经营呢,这些还得等时间来看

March 29

三月

三月,想在这一月有些收获,未能如愿。
你说,
有些人总是事先承诺很多美好的东西,到最后没有实现,让人很失望;
有些人总是事先把最坏的结果想到,然后谨慎地去行动,结果反而不会让人失望。
恩,我总是前一种人。你说,我像一个小孩子一样,有一些不切实际幻想,还很懒惰的不去实现。
我知道你在说什么,
determination to achieve
就像长跑,我总在跑了一段后,停下来休息,为什么没有咬牙继续呢?五十步,百步。
我说,我有耐力,比起没有耐力的人,我还是有耐力的。但我发现缺少坚持到看到终点的那种决心,我在找借口停下来休息。
 
好多的事情,在脑海中想象要把它做到一个什么样的程度,但一天天结束以后,发现还没有开始,assignment如是。现在想到去年和两个工作的学生一起做作业,知道什么是职业。
 
上月末,父亲来墨尔本,儿子带他转了转,是为近日喜人之事,想来已是月前。余日,难为记。
 
 
 
感谢访问!
Please wait...
Sorry, the comment you entered is too long. Please shorten it.
You didn't enter anything. Please try again.
Sorry, we can't add your comment right now. Please try again later.
To add a comment, you need permission from your parent. Ask for permission
Your parent has turned off comments.
Sorry, we can't delete your comment right now. Please try again later.
You've exceeded the maximum number of comments that can be left in one day. Please try again in 24 hours.
Your account has had the ability to leave comments disabled because our systems indicate that you may be spamming other users. If you believe that your account has been disabled in error please contact Windows Live support.
Complete the security check below to finish leaving your comment.
The characters you type in the security check must match the characters in the picture or audio.
Chen Guang Xiewrote:
使用中。。
Nov. 21
hi
Nov. 21